CriminalJustice
Question1
Oneof the biological concerns is the transmittable diseases that arepassed from the infected people to the health police officers. Suchdiseases can be spread in circumstances where the police officers arehandling infected individuals. Secondly, most police officers are athigh risk of contracting some of the dreaded diseases, like the HIVand Hepatitis C especially, when they come into contact with fluids,like the blood of the infected people. Thirdly, there existsoccupational stress concerning several issues, like shift work, whichare beyond the control of the police officers. Fourthly, there is therisk of physical injuries that may result from the objects in theenvironment, which the police officers are operating in whilecarrying out their duties (Kulbarsh, 2011).
Question2
Oneof the factors in the policy is the mandatory testing that willdepend on the circumstances where it is used. The testing wasdeveloped to make proper conclusions for the new applicants and theofficers who are on probation. The second factor is the unusualbehaviors of the police that may make the officials suspect that therespective officer is using the drugs. A mandatory test can be usedin such a circumstance. Finally, there are situations where testingis warranted especially, in cases where there are complaints about aparticular officer, and there is tangible evidence to support theclaims.
Question3
Theareas of stress that affect the police officers include first, theconstant exposure they have with people who are in distress and pain.The constant exposure affects the police officers psychologically dueto several series of inhuman situations that they encounter.Secondly, some situations are harmful to the safety and health of thepolice officers. Such areas put the lives of the police at riskbecause they can be physically injured or their health may be injeopardy this affects the police as they may contract transmittableor dreaded diseases. Thirdly, is the scenario where the police shouldbe faster in the delivery of their services so that they can respondto any emergency situations (Hansen, 2016). The urgency required inthe delivery of the services may affect the cop officers physicallyand mentally depending on the environments they are exposed to.
Question4
Theuse of force by police officers describes a circumstance where thelaw enforcement personnel are under attack or another person is indanger, and they have to do anything possible within their capacityto rescue themselves or the other persons. For instance, when a givengroup of people are attacked, the police officers have to try theirlevel best to save the team. On the other hand, the use of excessiveforce arises in circumstances where the police use unreasonable forceto respond to a crime or arrest a criminal. For instance, the policeofficers may decide to shoot a suspect who only resists beinghandcuffed but agree to accompany them to the station.
Question5
Oneof the less-lethal weapons used by the police officers is the pepperspray. The most important factor is that such spray will not kill thetargeted individual or group. The disadvantage is that they causepain to the suspect by interfering with his vision and the breathingsystem. The second weapon is the stun gun which has an electric shockof a very high voltage. The advantage of this device is that it caneasily disable the attacker however, it should be used carefully.The disadvantage is that in some situations, the attacker may beseriously injured or die depending on the magnitude of the stun gun(Thoreau, 2013).
References
Hansen,F. (2016). PoliceStress: Identifying & Managing Symptoms of Stress,Retrieved fromhttp://adrenalfatiguesolution.com/police-stress-fatigue/ on May 12,2016.
Kulbarsh,P. (2011). TheBiological Risks of Being a Law Enforcement Officer,Retrieved fromhttp://www.officer.com/article/10449884/the-biological-risks-of-being-a-law-enforcement-officeron May 12, 2016.
Thoreau.(2013). Prosand Cons of Less-Lethal Self-defense,Retrievedhttp://www.prep-blog.com/2013/06/19/pros-and-cons-of-less-lethal-self-defense/on May 12, 2016.